Niquelândia, 291 anos de história, riquezas, belezas e prosperidade

Niquelândia News/Gilmar Alves

Nesse dia 19 de março, Niquelândia celebra 291 anos de fundação. Sendo um dos municípios mais antigos de Goiás, sua história remonta à chegada dos bandeirantes portugueses, impulsionada pela descoberta do ouro. O povoado foi fundado em 1735 por Manoel Rodrigues Tomar e Antônio de Souza Bastos, integrantes do grupo liderado por Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva. Inicialmente, recebeu o nome de São José do Tocantins e foi elevado a distrito em 1755. Em 1833, tornou-se vila e sede de município.

Mapa de Goiás

A descoberta da segunda maior jazida de níquel do mundo, em 1938, pelo minerador alemão Freimund Brockers, transformou a economia local. A vila cresceu rapidamente e, em 31 de dezembro de 1943, foi elevada à categoria de cidade, adotando o nome de Niquelândia, em homenagem ao mineral que lhe trouxe prosperidade e fama internacional. Hoje, a cidade possui uma das maiores reservas de níquel do mundo.

Belezas Naturais e Atrativos Turísticos

Com a maior área territorial entre os municípios de Goiás, somando 9.846,293 km², Niquelândia é um verdadeiro paraíso natural. O turismo ecológico e de aventura atrai visitantes em busca de experiências únicas. O turista encontra muitas opções de lazer espalhadas em quase toda a sua extensão. A 28 km da cidade, há a Gruta de São Bento, de rara beleza. As serras que cortam o município propiciam o surgimento de diversas cachoeiras, como a do Pai Chico, descoberta pelos bandeirantes no século XVIII.

A região conserva quase 60% de sua vegetação natural, cortada por mais de cem córregos, oferecendo ao visitante diversas quedas d’água, uma rica fauna e flora, além de áreas de camping preservadas. O Lago de Serra da Mesa, originado na barragem da Usina Hidrelétrica Serra da Mesa, com 130 km de extensão dentro do município, é outra grande atração turística. Ele também apresenta um imenso potencial para a prática de esportes aéreos, aquáticos e terrestres. Outro ponto de interesse é o Balneário Bucaína, no caminho para Uruaçu, muito procurado por turistas.

No povoado de Tupiraçaba (antiga Traíras), há uma verdadeira galeria a céu aberto, mostrando as ruínas de uma cidade que já foi um importante polo econômico do Estado e que, curiosamente, foi capital brasileira por 24 horas, quando o Imperador D. Pedro II pernoitou na região.

Igreja Matriz, Santuário São José. Foto: acervo NiqNews

Outras atrações incluem as Igrejas de São José e Santa Ifigênia, cujos altares são considerados patromonio cultural. O Centro Cultural, antiga Casa da Intendência, preserva objetos históricos, roupas, livros e máquinas antigas. As casas da Rua Direita também fazem parte do patrimônio histórico local.

Pontos Turísticos

  • Lago de Serra da Mesa – O quinto maior lago artificial do Brasil em área alagada, com 1.784 km², e o primeiro em volume de água, com 54,4 bilhões de metros cúbicos. É um dos principais atrativos turísticos da região.
Lago Serra da Mesa. Foto: WEB
  • Lago Azul – Ideal para mergulho em apneia. Com profundidade estimada de mais de 300 metros, seu acesso é pela GO-237.
  • Balneário Bucaína Camping Clube – Situado a 37 km de Niquelândia.
  • Cachoeira do Muquém – Localizada a 48 km da cidade.
  • Cachoeira de São Bento – A 44 km de Niquelândia.
  • Cachoeira do Pai Chico – Com duas quedas de água separadas por 35 metros, está a 40 km da cidade.
  • Gruta de São Pedro – A 28 km da cidade, de difícil acesso devido ao relevo montanhoso.
  • Gruta do Cocal – Situada a 28 km de Niquelândia.
  • Pedra da Pinqueira – Uma formação rochosa única com dois salões distantes 400 metros um do outro, a 30 km da cidade.
Lagoa azul. Foto: Prefeitura de Niquelândia.

Cavalhadas

Foto: Sara Reis

Nos últimos anos, a Prefeitura de Niquelândia firmou parcerias importantes para fortalecer o calendário turístico do município, entre elas o retorno das tradicionais Cavalhadas. O Governo de Goiás, por meio da Secretaria de Estado da Cultura (Secult), com apoio da administração municipal, promove em julho uma das etapas do Circuito das Cavalhadas. Realizado no Estádio Ary Valadão. Festeiros e religiosos trabalham para que o Circuito, a partir de 2026, aconteça com as festividades do divino espírito.

Pesca Esportiva

Fotos: Lucas Diener

Outro destaque no calendário turístico de Niquelândia é o Circuito Goiano de Pesca Esportiva, que vem sendo realizado nos últimos anos, geralmente no mês de maio. O evento reúne pescadores de diversas regiões do país, sempre em busca dos maiores exemplares de tucunaré e na disputa por grandes premiações, como lanchas, carretas, equipamentos de pesca e troféus. A competição acontece no Lago Serra da Mesa e conta com total apoio do governo de Goiás e da Prefeitura, atraindo cerca de 400 competidores de estados como São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul e Distrito Federal, além de participantes de várias cidades goianas, contribuindo significativamente para o aquecimento da economia local.

Festas Tradicionais e Religiosas

O calendário festivo de Niquelândia é rico em manifestações culturais e religiosas:

  • Festa de São José – Celebrada no dia 19 de março, em homenagem ao padroeiro da cidade.
  • Festa do Torneio do Trabalhador – Em maio, um torneio esportivo que se encerra no Dia do Trabalho com vasta programação e distribuição de brindes.
  • Festa do Divino Espírito Santo – Uma das celebrações mais antigas do país, iniciada no século XIX no Arraial de Trahyras. A festa inclui folias religiosas, novenário e quermesse, encerrando-se no dia de Pentecostes com uma grande celebração e almoço comunitário.
Congada. Foto: Prefeitura de Niquelândia.
  • Congada de Santa Efigênia e Nossa Senhora do Carmo –É uma tradição afro-brasileira que homenageia Santa Ifigênia, protetora dos congos.
Romaria De Muquém. Foto: Acervo NiqNews

Romaria de Nossa Senhora da Abadia do Muquém – Realizada de 5 a 15 de agosto com 277 anos de tradição(2025), a romaria atrai milhares de fiéis anualmente, que percorrem 45 km pela Rodovia da Fé até o Santuário de Muquém, onde acontecem celebrações religiosas e eventos culturais.

Economia de Niquelândia

A mineração sempre teve papel fundamental no desenvolvimento econômico de Niquelândia. O município já foi o maior produtor de níquel de Goiás e um dos mais relevantes do mundo. Desde o início da exploração, mais de 75 milhões de toneladas do mineral foram extraídas, sendo 4,3 milhões apenas em 2023. O setor chegou a gerar um faturamento anual de aproximadamente US$ 423 milhões. No entanto, em fevereiro de 2016, a Votorantim Metais anunciou a demissão de mais de 800 funcionários e fechou sua planta na cidade, evidenciando a natureza finita dos recursos minerais.

Além da mineração, Niquelândia se destaca na agropecuária, com forte produção de gado leiteiro e de corte, além de suinocultura, piscicultura, avicultura e apicultura. O município também tem se consolidado como um grande produtor de soja, contribuindo significativamente para a economia regional.

Com sua rica história, belezas naturais impressionantes e uma economia diversificada, Niquelândia se destaca como um dos destinos mais fascinantes de Goiás. Seja para conhecer suas paisagens, vivenciar tradições culturais ou explorar sua riqueza mineral, nossaa cidade oferece experiências inesquecíveis para moradores e visitantes.

Edição e pesquisa: Gilmar Alves

Fonte: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niquel%C3%A2ndia; https://curtamais.com.br/goiania/maior-municipio-goias/;https://niquelandia.go.gov.br/eventos-religiosos/

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